TCP/IP Model and its advantages disadvantages

 TCP / IP MODEL

Hello friends! In today's post, we will read about TCP / IP model in Hindi (What is TCP / IP model?) In a very easy language and if we know in detail about its layers, let's start: -

TCP / IP Model

The full name of TCP / IP is Transmission control protocol (TCP) and internet protocol (IP). TCP / IP is also the protocol of www i.e World Wide Web that we used in Internet.

The TCP / IP model is used for end-to-end communication. It was called the U.S. in the mid-1970s and 1980s. department of defense (D.O.D.).

This model determines how a particular computer connects to the internet and the transmission of data between them. This model helps us to create a virtual network when many computer networks are interconnected.

The main purpose of the TCP / IP model is to provide communication over great distances. That is, we can also communicate with the network located at a very distance from it.

The TCP / IP model has 4 layers which are as follows: -

1. Host-to-network (network access) layer
2. Internet layer
3. Transport layer
4. Application layer

1. Network Access layer:- This layer is the lowest layer in the TCP / IP model.

The network access layer tells about how data is sent to the network.

This layer is a combination of the data link layer and physical layer defined in the OSI model.

This layer is responsible for the transmission of data between two devices in the same network.

 The function of this layer is to encapsulate the IP datagram transmitted by the network into frames and map the IP address to the physical address.

  The protocols used by this layer are: ethernet, FDDI, token ring, x.25, frame Relay.

  2. Internet layer

This layer is located between the transport layer and the application layer. This layer provides connectionless communication in the network.

     In this, the data is packaged as IP datagrams, it contains datagram source and destination IP address so that the data can be sent and received easily.

The following protocols are used by this layer: -

       IP protocol - Its full name is internet protocol and its main function is to deliver packets from source to destination. It has two versions IPv4 and IPv6.

ARP - Its full name is address resolution protocol. Its function is to search for physical address from ip address. There are many types of this: - Such as: - RARP, PARP etc.

ICMP - Its full name is internet control message protocol. Its task is to inform the host about problems encountered in the network.

Transport layer

This layer is responsible for the transmission of data. This layer is located between the application layer and the Internet layer.

It is also responsible for the reliability, flow control and correction of data.

Two main protocols work in this layer: -

1: - Transmission control protocol (TCP)

2: - User datagram protocol (UDP)

3. Application layer

This layer is the highest layer in the TCP / IP model.

This layer is related to providing network service to applications.

This layer provides communication to the user; Such as: -Web browser, e-mail, and other applications.

The application layer sends data to the transport layer and receives data from it.

The function of this layer is to handle high-level protocols.

This layer allows the user to interact with the application.

Following are the protocols used in the application layer: -

HTTP and HTTPS: - The full name of HTTP is hypertext transfer protocol. Through this we can access the data in internet. It transfers data in the form of text, audio, video. The full name of HTTPS is HTTP-secure. When we use ssl with http it becomes https.

SNMP - Its full name is simple network management protocol. It is a framework that is used to manage devices in the internet.

SMTP - Its full name is simple mail transfer protocol. It is used to send data from one e-mail to another e-mail address.

DNS - Its full name is domain name system. It is used to map ip address.

SSH - Its full name is Secure Shell. It is used for encryption.

Advantage of TCP / IP Model

Its benefits are as follows: -

• It helps us to establish the connection in different types of computers.
• It works independent of the operating system.
• It supports a lot of routing protocols.
• It is a very scalable client-server architecture.
• It works independently.
• This is an open protocol suite. That is, it does not belong to any one company, so any person, company can use it.

• This is a complicated model so it is difficult to setup and manage.
• The transport layer of this model does not guarantee delivery of packets.
• It is not easy to replace protocols in it.
• The concept of services, interfaces and protocols is not different in this, so it is not suitable to describe it in new technology.
• It was designed for wide area network (WAN). It has not been optimized for LAN (local area network) and personal area network (PAN).

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